COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS

DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY

Chair and Coordinator: Dr. Peter D. King

Faculty: Barbeau, Bauer, Camper, Dineley, Eaton, P. King, Knowles, Long, Malaiyandi, McCumber, Pike, Pryor, Rae, Shannon, Slone, Steinmetz, Stoeckmann, Stroup

MISSION STATEMENT

The Department of Biology offers a liberal arts based baccalaureate degree in biology. Studies are tailored to meet students' future career needs, including pre-medical, pre-dental, and pre-veterinary programs, preparation for graduate studies, or direct entry into careers such as environmental work. Minor and collateral programs in biology are offered, and courses are provided to support the collateral and minor in environmental studies. A two-semester lecture and laboratory sequence supports general education requirements. The department places a high value on the laboratory and field component of the education of all students. Superior students are encouraged to engage in research projects, directly supervised by members of the faculty. In cooperative programs with other universities, some students initiate study at Francis Marion University in forestry or wildlife biology and later transfer to Clemson University. Some graduate courses are offered to support the Master of Education program.  A degree in biology with emphasis in Medical Technology is offered by Francis Marion University in which students supplement three years of study in the Department of Biology with one year of clinical studies in an approved program.

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MAJOR

A major in biology requires the following:

1. Biology 105*, 106, and 499
    *Biology 103 and 104 may substitute for 105 with permission of the department.
2. One course in plant biology (either 206, 207, 208, 303, 307, 310, or 313).
3. Biology 301, 302, or 407
4. One course in ecology (either 308, 402, 408, or 411)
5. Biology 401 or 409
6. Additional courses in biology to bring the total to 25 semester hours above the 100 level. Students may select only two courses from the BIOL 206, 207, 208 series.
7. Minor/collateral requirements (two options)
   a) two 12-hour collaterals approved by the faculty   adviser
   b) an 18-hour minor approved by the faculty adviser

Other requirements include Chemistry 101, 102, and 201 and either Physics 200, 201 and 202 or Physics 215-216.

The minimum number of semester hours required in major courses for a major in biology is 33. The minimum number of semester hours in all courses (major and non-major) required for the major in biology is 120.

To earn a Bachelor of Arts degree with a major in biology, a student must satisfy all requirements for the Bachelor of Sci­ence degree and complete a foreign language through 202.

MINOR

A minor in biology requires 18 hours of biology, no more than eight of which are below the 199 level.

COLLATERAL

A collateral in biology requires 12 semester hours of biology, no more than eight of which are below the 199 level.

OTHER INFORMATION

To advance to higher level biology courses, a student must earn a grade of C or higher in each prerequisite biology course. Internships, BIOL 494 and 498, do not fulfill the requirements of biology electives for a biology major, minor or collateral.

Students planning graduate studies in biology are advised to complete two semesters of organic chemistry, to take introductory courses in calculus, to gain a reading knowledge of a foreign language, and to take two semesters of Biology 497 (one credit hour of reading and planning followed by two credit hours of research).

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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE OPTION IN BIOLOGY

Coordinator:  Dr. John G. Rae, III

The Environmental Science Option in Biology offers students the choice of specialization in environmental science at the undergraduate level.

The Environmental Science Option will require the completion of the following courses which include General Education courses, certain core science and mathematics courses, and requirements for the biology major.

Recommended Minor: Chemistry, Consider one additional course from Chemistry 202, 203, 313 to complete the minor in Chemistry.

Other suggested courses: Chemistry 203, 313, Economics 340, English 318, Geography 105, 215, Math 312, Philosophy and Religious Studies 400, Psychology 302, Sociology 331.

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MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY OPTION
Coordinator: Dr. Larry J. McCumber

Medical technologists usually serve as technical assistants to pathologists, performing clinical laboratory procedures helpful to physicians in the determination of the nature, course and treatment of disease. A Bachelor of Science degree in biology with emphasis in medical technology at Francis Marion University is awarded after successful completion of 124 hours (See page 83 and 184). A cooperative program with McLeod Regional Medical Center allows students to become medical technologists in four years. Students will complete their clinical studies during the senior year (3 + 1 program). Application to this program must be made during the junior year.  Acceptance is on a competitive basis.

Students may also elect to obtain a BS in Biology, with the appropriate prerequisites, and then apply to a medical technology program for their clinical year of study (4 + 1 program).

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BIOLOGY COURSES (BIOL)

103 Environmental Biology (4:3-3) S. (Does not count toward biol­ogy major). A study of the needs of human beings for food, energy, and other natural resources and the effects of their actions on the air, water, soil, plants, and other animals. The diversity of life, plant anatomy and physiology, ecology and evolution will be included. Throughout the course the process of doing science is emphasized.

104 Human Biology (4:3-3) F. (Does not count toward biology major). Basic biology of humans and how to interpret emerging technologies such as DNA fingerprinting and genetic engineering. The process of doing science is emphasized.

105 Introduction to Biological Science (4:3-3) F, S, SU. Introduction to the scientific method, biological chemistry, and the molecular and cellular basis of life. Includes cell structure, energetics and metabolism, molecular genetics, Mendelian inheritance, and cell reproduction, with selected applications at the tissue and organ levels of organization. Laboratory exercises complement the lecture.

106 Organismal Biology (4:3-3) (Prerequisite: 103 and 104, or 105) F, S, SU. A  survey of the domains of life in an evolutionary framework. Includes biological evolution and the mechanisms of evolutionary change, a survey of biological diversity with examples of plant and animal structure and physiology, and general ecological principles. Includes laboratory and field experiences.

201 Invertebrate Zoology (4:3-3) (Prerequisite: 106 or 103 and 104 with permission of the department) AF. Structure, physiology, ecology, life histories, and evolutionary trends of invertebrate animals.

202 Vertebrate Zoology (4:3-3) (Prerequisite: 106 or 103 and 104 with permission of the department) S. Classification, ecology, life histories, and evolutionary trends of vertebrate animals.

204 Introductory Marine Biology (4:3-3) (Prerequisite: 106 or 103 and 104 with permission of the department) AF. Scope and applications of marine biology, with emphasis on coastal Carolina animals and their ecology.

205 Human Anatomy (4:3-3) (Prerequisite: 106 or a grade of B or better in 105 and sophomore status with permission of the department) F, S, SU. Designed as anatomic studies for students in medical technology, nursing, and related allied health programs. Fundamental tissues, organs, and systems; anatomic terminology; early development; connective tissue, skeletal, muscular, nervous, circulatory, respiratory, digestive, genitourinary, endocrine, and integumentary systems.

206 Fall Flora (4:2-4) (Prerequisite: 106 or 103 and 104 with permission of department) F. Collection, preservation, identification, and classification of 250 native and naturalized plants in the Pee Dee region during fall season. Most of the laboratory time is spent in the field studying the taxonomical, morphological, and ecological aspects of plants. Taxonomic keys used extensively. Students may select only two courses from the Biology 206, 207, 208 series.

207 Spring Flora (4:2-4) (Prerequisite: 106 or 103 and 104 with permission of department) S. Collection, preservation, identification, and classification of 250 native and naturalized plants in the Pee Dee region during spring season. Most of the laboratory time is spent in the field studying the taxonomical, morphological, and ecological aspects of plants. Taxonomic keys used extensively. Students may select only two courses from the Biology 206, 207, 208 series.

208 Summer Flora (4:2-4) (Prerequisite: 106 or 103 and 104 with permission of department) SU. Collection, preservation, identification, and classification of 250 native and naturalized plants in the Pee Dee region during the summer season. Most of the laboratory time is spent in the field studying the taxonomical, morphological, and ecological aspects of plants. Taxonomic keys used extensively. Students may select only two courses from the Biology 206, 207, 208 series.

209 Entomology (4:3-3) (Prerequisite: 106 or 103 and 104 with permission of the department) AF. General biology of insects, including anatomy, diversity, physiology, behavior, ecology, and evolution. The lab emphasizes collection, identification, and preservation.

210 Conservation Biology (4:3-3) (Prerequisite: 106 or 103 and 104 with permission of the department and Mathematics 111) AF. Lecture emphasizes biological diversity, extinction processes, and applied conservation methods, including design principles for biological reserves. Conservation policy is discussed in the context of social, economic, and political factors. Laboratory and field experiences highlight the science of conservation and regional conservation issues.

213 Biology of Sex (3) (Prerequisite: 4 hrs. in biology). This course will provide an introduction to the biological principles involved in human reproduction. Topics include the evolution of sex, reproductive anatomy and physiology, endocrinology, puberty, biology of gender, reproductive cycles, pregnancy, birth, fertility control, sexual disorders, and current issues in reproductive technology.

214 Issues in Environmental Biology (3), (Prerequisite: 106) This course utilizes the case study method to teach about major environmental issues facing the world today. These issues include climate change; loss of biodiversity; pollution; water supply and demand; endangered species; ecological footprint; and pesticide use. Students will work together to develop skills in group learning, speaking, and critical thinking, while learning the relevance of biology and environmental issues in their daily lives.

220 Introduction to Molecular Biology (4:3-3) (Prerequisite: 106) AF. An introduction to molecular processes of the cell. This course will explore the relationships between molecular and cellular structures and their functions, with special emphasis on proteins and nucleic acids and their roles in coordinating cellular activities. The course will lay a foundation for molecular biology focusing on the concepts of macromolecules, cell cycle, replication, gene expression, and cell communication.

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301 Cell Biology (4:3-3) (Prerequisite: 106 and Chemistry 201) F, S, SU. Cellular and molecular basis of cell structure and function: chemical composition and physical properties of biological molecules; organization and function of supramolecular structures, organelles, and basic cell types; enzyme action and regulation; energetics and mechanisms of biological transport; flow of energy and information; relationships between cell and whole body functions.

302 Developmental Biology (4:3-3) (Prerequisite: 106 and Chemistry 102) AF.  How a single cell, the zygote, grows into a multicelled organism. First part of the course focuses on how cells differentiate into specialized types, move around the embryo and communicate with each other. Second part of the course focuses on how molecular mechanisms give rise to major embryonic tissues, organs and organ systems in representative organisms. Also included are discussions about birth defects, sex determination and aging.

303 The Plant Kingdom (4:3-3) (Prerequisite: 106) S. Structure, function, life histories, and evolutionary trends of vascular and nonvascular plants.

305 Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy (4:3-3) (Prerequisite: 106) S. Evolution and analysis of vertebrate structure, with laboratory dissection of representative animal forms.

306 Special Topics in Biology (1), (2), (3), or (4) (Prerequisite: 106 or permission of department) F, S. In-depth study of an area of interest in biology. Different areas of study offered on a rotating basis. May be taken twice for academic credit with departmental approval.

307 Plant Anatomy and Physiology (4:3-3) (Prerequisite: 106 and Chemistry 201) AS. The relations and processes which have to do with the fundamental structures and functions of higher plants. Topics will include plant anatomy, plant growth and reproduction, absorption of matter and energy, water relations, utilization of reserve products, and liberation of energy.

308 Aquatic Ecology (4:3-3) (Prerequisite: 106 and Chemistry 102) F, SU. An examination of the physical, chemical, and biological dynamics of standing and flowing freshwaters and how these dynamics affect the ecology of organisms.

310 Plant Morphology and Development (4:3-3) (Prerequisite: 106) AS, F. An account of the phenomena of development in the vascular plants. Emphasizes structure, as well as experimental and analytical data to allow interpretations of plant morphogenetic events.

311 Microbiology (4:3-3) (Prerequisite: 106 or a grade of B or better and sophomore status with permission of the department) F, S, SU.  Structure, activities, and control of microorganisms, including principles of immunology.

312 Herpetology (4:3-3) (Prerequisite: 106) AS. The biology of amphibians and reptiles. Along with a review of these two vertebrate groups, emphasis will be placed on the identification of local species through study of specimens and field trips.

313 Mycology (4:3-3) (Prerequisite: 106) AS. Study of the taxonomy, form and function of fungi.

314 Field Biology (4) (Prerequisite: 106 or permission of the department) SU. Extended field experience at selected locations in the United States or abroad. Individual research projects will focus on field techniques and comparing biological diversity among varying ecosystems.

315 Ornithology (4:3-3) (Prerequisite: 106 or permission of the department). AS Anatomy, physiology, taxonomy, evolution, ecology, behavior, and identification of birds. Credit may not be earned for Biology 315 and 501.

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401 Genetics (4:3-3) (Prerequisite: 106 and Chemistry 201) F, S, SU. Mendelian genetics, the chromosome, probability, and mapping in diploids, fungi, bacteria, and viruses; chemical basis of DNA replication and mutation and the genetic code.

402 Terrestrial Ecology (4:3-3) (Prerequisite: 106 and Chemistry 102) F. Structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems, communities, and populations; relationships of organisms (including human beings) to their environments.

406 Human Physiology (4:3-3) (Prerequisite: 106 or 205 and Chemistry 102 or permission of department) F, S, SU. Structure and function of the major organs and systems of man, emphasizing their mechanisms of operation, including clinical considerations.

407 Immunology (4:3-3) (Prerequisite: 106 and Chemistry 201 or permission of the department) S. Cellular and molecular basis of the immune response; antibody structure and function; antigen-antibody interactions, applications; immunogenetics; hypersensitivity.

408 Population Ecology (4:3-3) (Prerequisite: 20 hours in biology or permission of department) AF. Conceptual and quantitative approach to the ecology and dynamics of natural populations and communities from an evolutionary perspective. Direct practical applications in fisheries, game and natural resource management, and conservation will be discussed.

409 Evolutionary Biology (4:3-3) (Prerequisite: 106 and Chemistry 201) AS. Topics include the theory of natural selection, mechanisms of evolutionary change, the fossil record, biogeography, molecular evolution, speciation, phylogeny reconstruction and evolutionary rates.

410 Vertebrate Physiology (4:3-3) (Prerequisite: 106 and Chemistry 102 or permission of the department) S. The study of the function of the major organ systems in different classes of vertebrate animals. The relationship between the physiology and ecology of species will also be investigated.

411 Ecology (4:3-3) (Prerequisite: 106 and Chemistry 102) S. General principles of ecology of individuals, populations, communities, and ecosystems from an evolutionary perspective. The scientific method will be stressed.

415 Radiation Biology (3) (Prerequisite: Physics 316 and Biology 106, or permission of department) (Same as Physics 415) S. Topics include the fundamental physical, chemical, and biological mechanisms that lead to radiation-induced biological damage. The course will begin with interactions and responses at a molecular level and progress towards cellular and systemic responses to the damage. Methods for assessing the dose to biological systems and the corresponding risk will be addressed.

494 ARCH Program Internship (1) or (2) (Prerequisite: Permission of department). Clinical experience in the Advancing Rural Community Health program under the supervision of a practicing health professional. A maximum of 2 semester hours may be earned. Earned hours do not fulfill the requirements of biology electives for a biology major, minor, or collateral.

495/496 Medical Technology Internship (15/15) (Prerequisite: Completion of 3 year academic portion of 3+1 Program in Medical Technology or equivalent)  Internship for a minimum of twelve months under the direction of hospital instructional staff.  Course work will include 4 hours Clinical Hematology, 2 hours Clinical Hemostasis, 2 hours Instrumentation and Methods, 4 hours Clinical Chemistry, 4 hours Clinical Microbiology, 3 hours Mycology, Parasitology, Virology, 2 hours Clinical Microscopy, 4 hours Immunohematology, 3 hours Clinical Immunology, 2 hours Medical Laboratory Systems.

497 Special Studies (3), (2), or (1) (Prerequisite: Permission of department) F, S, SU. Open only to juniors or seniors with a grade point average of 3.0 or higher in their major courses. A maximum of 3 semester hours may be earned. Academic Committee approval required for each seminar and practicum. All individual research projects are reviewed by three faculty members from two different disciplines. May be taken for credit (3 hours) towards the Honors degree by special arrangement.

498 Biology Internship (1) or (2) (Prerequisite: Permission of department). Independent work under the direction of a professional biologist which may include teaching, research, or other service. A maximum of 3 semester hours may be earned. Earned hours do not fulfill the requirements of biology electives for a biology major, minor, or collateral.

499 Senior Seminar (1:2) (Prerequisite: 24 hours in biology or permission of the department. To be taken the semester prior to or semester of graduation.) F, S. The course will include reviews of the concepts from the core curriculum of biology. Seminars will be presented on biological research, on career opportunities, and on post-graduate educational planning. During the course the students' knowledge of biology will be assessed by laboratory presentations and the internal and external exit exams.

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501 Ornithology (4:3-3) (Prerequisite: 106 or permission of department) AS. Anatomy, physiology, taxonomy, evolution, ecology, behavior, and identification of birds. With written departmental approval, seniors may take courses numbered 500-599 for either undergraduate or graduate credit. Designation of credits as undergraduate must be made at registration. Freshmen, sophomores, and juniors may not take 500-level courses. Credit may not be earned in Biology 315 and 501.

515 Special Topics in Biology for Elementary Teachers (4), (3), (2), or (1) (Prerequisite: Bachelor's degree) As Needed. Designed to give elementary teachers an opportunity to learn information and laboratory techniques to help them teach biology. With written departmental approval, seniors may take courses numbered 500-599 for either undergraduate or graduate credit.

602 Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecology (4:3-3) (Prerequisite: Eligibility for certification in science and bachelor's degree or permission of department). Structure and function of marine and terrestrial ecosystems with emphasis on southeastern United States. Lecture, laboratory, and field trips.

615 Special Topics in Biology for High School Teachers (4), (3), (2), or (1) (Prerequisite: Teacher's certificate to teach high school biology).

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FOUR YEAR PLAN FOR BIOLOGY MAJORS:
WITH A CHEMISTRY MINOR OR COLLATERAL

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FOUR YEAR PLAN FOR BIOLOGY MAJORS:
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE OPTION WITH A CHEMISTRY MINOR

Students should seriously consider taking a summer course at a biological field station as a pre-approved substitute for one of the biology courses.

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FOUR YEAR PLAN FOR BIOLOGY MAJORS:
MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY (3 + 1) OPTION WITH A CHEMISTRY MINOR

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